INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE METHOD ON SOIL MICROFLORA IN WINTER WHEAT AGROCENOSIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31734/agronomy2024.28.042Keywords:
productivity, microorganisms, nutritional regime, soil, winter wheatAbstract
One of the urgent problems in the agricultural sector of Ukraine is the search for effective methods of soil cultivation to increase productivity and ensure the sustainable development of agricultural production.
The study analyzed scientific publications on the influence of tillage on microbiological processes, growth, development and yield of crops.
The effect of the cultivation method on the soil microflora of the agrocenosis of winter wheat was studied. Three methods of basic soil cultivation were studied: traditional (control), chisel, and row, with a special emphasis on the positive impact associated with plowing with a PYa-4-40 plow to a depth of 14–16 cm.
It was established that the method of basic cultivation has a significant impact on the biological activity of dark gray podzolized light loamy soil, the number of microflora, and the grain yield of winter wheat of the Koloniia variety.
The composition and number of microorganisms are closely related to their habitat and the depth of the experimental soil layer and depend on the phase of crop development.
It has been proven that plowing with a PYa-4-40 plow creates the most favorable environment for microorganisms: bacterial microbiota (3807 thousand), fungi (68.2 thousand) and actinomycetes (1319 thousand CFU/g of completely dry soil).
Row cultivation showed a positive correlation with increasing winter wheat grain yield. The average grain yield under row tillage (60.2 centner/ha) exceeded the indicators for both traditional and chisel plowing. The highest yield was achieved when plowing with a PYa-4-40 plow to a depth of 14–16 cm, the lowest – with a chisel variant (57.4 centner/ha).
The advantage of row main tillage is explained by the improvement of water, air, and nutrient regimes, which creates conditions for obtaining high yields of winter wheat.
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