Effect of soil treatment minimalization on its density, plant development and yield of fiber flax
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31734/agroengineering2021.25.005Keywords:
research, fibrous flax, tillage systems, soil density, plant growth, yieldAbstract
Purpose of research - to evaluate the impact of two tillage systems (traditional and mulching) on the density of sod-podzolic loamy soils of the Western region of Ukraine and on plant growth and yield of fibrous flax.
Research methods: field, laboratory, visual and comparative calculation method.
The scheme of experiments included: traditional tillage to the depth of 20-22 cm and mulching tillage performed by the unit tillage disk to the depth of 9.5 cm.
During the study, soil density, stem density, plant height and biological yield of fibrous flax were determined.
Soil density for the period from sowing to full maturity increased from 0.94 to 1.22 g/cm3 (in the version with traditional tillage) and from 1.0 to 1.24 g/cm3 (on the field with mulching surface tillage). However, it did not exceed the optimal values (1.35 g/cm3) for fibrous flax. At the end of the growing season, the soil density in both areas was almost the same and differed by 0.02 g/cm3.
In the germination phase on the field with mulching tillage, density of plants was higher (by 36 pieces/m2) than on the field with traditional tillage. However, the intensity of plant loss in the variant with mulching was higher, so in the phase of full maturity, the density of stems on the field with a traditional tillage system was 1095 pcs./m2 and was 51 pcs./m2 of plants higher than on the field where mulching tillage had been applied.
In the period from the germination phase to the flowering phase, there was a slight lag in the growth of flax plants, which were grown by traditional technology. In the second growing season, the intensity of plant growth in height on this area was higher than on the field with a mulching system of tillage. Therefore, during the harvesting period, the height of plants in the variant with plowing was 89.2 cm, and on the field with mulching tillage – 81 cm.
On the field with traditional cultivation, the yield of flax straw was 2.25 t/ha and seeds – 0.5 t/ha. In the variant with mulching tillage, the yield of seeds and flax was 9 % and 7.5 % lower compared to the variant of using the traditional tillage system.
According to the results of evaluation of the two tillage systems (traditional and mulching) it is established that on sod-podzolic loamy soils of the Western region of Ukraine, the use of traditional plowing technology secures the soil density, which positively affects plant growth and development and yield of flax seeds and fibers.
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